15 Secretly Funny People In Evolution Korea
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Evolution Korea
South Korea's democratic system is vulnerable to populist tendencies. It's still better than was expected.
The country is looking for a new paradigm of development. The Confucian culture, which emphasizes respect for ancestors and as well as gendered family relationships, continues to influence the society. There are indications of a secularist cultural trend emerging.
Origins
In the prehistoric era the ancestors of the today's Koreans were capable of surviving by hunting and gathering wild foods. Then around 10,000 years ago they began to cultivate crops like millet and beans. They also raised livestock, and even made furs. They formed tribal states in Manchuria, and then on the Korean peninsula. They also established an industry for metalworking, which produced bronze tools and later iron tools. They traded with other states and introduced cedon, paper making, block printing art styles, as well as written language to Japan.
Gojoseon was established in 2333 BCE on the southern peninsula. The state embraced Chinese culture, including Confucian Philosophy and Buddhism. During this time the inhabitants of Buyeo became part of Gojoseon. Gojoseon was a state of hierarchy where the monarch and other senior officials were from the aristocracy of the land, while the rest of the population were peasants. The state imposed taxes on these citizens and often required them to join the army or work on projects for the government like building fortifications.
Onjo, a prince from Goguryeo who was also the son of Jumong who was the founder of Goguryeo, founded the state of Baekje at the close of the time. The new kingdom grew its territory into the southwest of the peninsula and fought with Goguryeo and China's commanderies in the area. Baekje introduced elements of Confucian thought into its state beliefs and made the male centered filiopiety idea as a law in 1390 CE. In the name of filiopiety, fathers were responsible to their families. They must be obedient to everyone and respected even by their grandchildren and children.
Goryeo, who would rule from 918 to 1392 CE gave the world the Hangul alphabet that was based on the shapes formed by the mouth during pronunciation. This greatly improved communication and led to a boom in the writing of Buddhist text. Additionally, movable metallic type printing was introduced and woodblock printing was refined. It was during this time that the Samguk sagi, or 'History Of the Three Kingdoms' was first written in 1145 CE.
Evolution in Korea
The Korean peninsula was inhabited from Neolithic times until. Early evidence of human settlements is evident in the form cist graves that were lined with stones, and adorned with precious objects like amazonite jewelry being buried alongside the dead. Megalithic structures, also known as dolmens, built from enormous single stones, are widespread throughout the country.
In the first second half of the 1st millennium BCE, Gojoseon established itself as the first recognized political state. The peninsula was later ruled by a number of states during the Three Kingdoms Period (57 BC-635 CE), including Baekje and Goguryeo. Additionally, the northern part of the peninsula was occupied by the Balhae kingdom, which most historians do not believe to be a valid Korean state.
Following the Three Kingdoms, several smaller states emerged during the Proto-Three Kingdoms period, or Several States Period (yeolgugsidae). In all of them, Baekje was the most powerful of them all but its dynasty dissolved when Goguryeo was defeated in 676 CE and left it with its southern territories of Manchuria and the western region around Hwanghae Bay, while eastern Buyeo and the Gaya confederacy prospered for a period of time.
The Unified Silla Kingdom then emerged and the three kingdoms started to cooperate to expand their territories. In the final phase, Silla, with significant Chinese aid, conquered the other states and unified the peninsula in 935 CE.
As Korea enters the post-crisis period the development paradigm of the country appears to be changing. The people who are awed by the huge cost of the old systems advocate a comprehensive program of liberalization of labor, capital and markets for products. On the other hand the supporters of the old system seek to preserve it through nationalist sentiments, as well as by exaggerating fears about possible job losses.
Academics and analysts are divided about the extent to which Korea's development is influenced by these two trends. This article reviews developments to date, by looking at five phases of the country's political evolution that include illiberal democracy (1945-60), democratic authoritarianism (1961-72) and authoritarian exceptionalism (1972-87), democratic paternalism (1987-2001), and democratic participation (2002 to present). This article also identifies some important factors that appear to be shaping these processes.
Creationism in Korea
In South Korea, 26 percent of the population is Christian. Creationists have had success in promoting their beliefs to this population. A survey conducted in 2009 found that nearly three-quarters of respondents did not believe in the theory of evolution. Of those who voted, 41% stated that there was insufficient scientific evidence to support the theory 39% of respondents said it contradicted their religious beliefs; and 17 percent said they did not comprehend it. This level of disbelief approaches that of the United States, where a similar number of people do not accept that humans evolved from less advanced forms of life.
In the past, the anti-evolution campaign in Korea was focused on the education of students and in bringing Christ to them. In 1980 an all-day creation science seminar was held in Seoul during the World Evangelization Crusade. Drs. Henry Morris and Duane Gish of ICR as the keynote speakers. This event drew an impressive crowd of scientists, professors, and church leaders.
The success of this event led to the founding of the Korea Association of Creation Research (KACR) on January 31st, 1981. The event was extensively covered in the national press, including The Korea Times, Chosun Ilbo and The Korea Times.
KACR began publishing a monthly newsletter called CREATION, in which it published its activities and published articles about the scientific evidence supporting creationism. It also translated a number of slides and film strips from ICR and a few books on creationism that were already in print outside of Korea. KACR members delivered lectures in universities here and churches across the country.
One example of an KACR success story took place at the KAIST university in Seoul. Students at KAIST in Seoul were keen on the concept of creationism that they raised money and secured funding to build an enlightened museum on campus.
In addition to its work, KACR has published a bimonthly magazine, CREATION. This magazine covers topics in the field of creation science. It also sponsored a series of lectures by ICR staff. It has also organized a network of local branches, which hold seminars and give talks to children in schools and community groups.
Changes in South Korea
In the latter part of the nineteenth century and early twentieth century, Korea began to adopt a more Westernized lifestyle. The traditional hanbok, or Korean dress, gave way to miniskirts and other fashion elements imported from overseas. The traditional Korean music was also replaced by jazz and rock & roll. In the period of this transition the famous samulnori, also known as masked dancing-dramas were very popular. These dramatic pieces were performed with the accompaniment of shaman drums and different musical instruments.
Korea's new model of development is being formed in the wake of the economic crisis. The main challenge for the new regime is the balance between the state-led economic policies and market-oriented ones. It also requires changing incentives, monitoring or disciplining systems that have shaped the system prior to the crisis. These issues are addressed in Chapters 3 and 4.
Baekje was founded by Onjo the prince and third son of Jumong of Goguryeo, was founded by people from the Hangang River area, Buyeo and other areas as well as migrant workers from northern China. In the 4th century, in the early part of, Baekje was a major regional power, and expanded its territory as far as Mahan in the north and Jeollanam-do in the south. Consequently, it came into frequent conflict with Goguryeo and the Chinese commanderies across the border.
The decline of Silla between the 8th and 9th centuries led to the development of powerful local factions. Gungye was a nobleman from Later Baekje who established a kingdom in Songak with Songak as the capital. He was the ruler of a large portion of today's Jeolla province and Chungcheong. Then, he moved the capital to Wansanju and became a rival of Goguryeo.
However, his rule was short-lived. After Gungye was defeated by a powerful local leader, Wang Geon, who united Goryeo with Baekje and Silla in 935. Later, Baekje was peacefully incorporated into Goryeo as a successor state. Wang Geon also introduced fundamental reforms and strengthened the centrally-run system. This marked the end to the Three Kingdoms Period. The Korean peninsula was then under the control of the Goryeo Dynasty. In the Three Kingdoms Period, Goguryeo Baekje Silla slowly developed into powerful states on the peninsula, and in Manchuria.